UC/AID Pest Management and Related Environmental Protection Project at the University of California, Berkeley. Journal of Agricultural Research 38: 489-504. When the daily mean temperature averages from 76 to 78°F (24.4 to 25.6°C), most females are ready to mate from six to eight days after eclosion. An adult Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), emerging from a puparium. In the pupal stage, the males can be irradiated to render them sexually sterile (USDA 2000). Plant Protection and Quarantine Programs, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, United States Department of Agriculture. Adults may live 11 - 16 months and lay over 1500 eggs. Reinfestations in the same areas leads some experts to believe the California infestion was never eradicated but was instead reduced to subdetectable levels that periodically resurface (Dawson et al. Breeding is continuous with 4 - 6 generations per year. But when given the choice, these annoying pests actually prefer citrus like oranges, limes, and lemons. Oviposition may take place as early as four to five days after emergence during very warm weather, but not for about 10 days when temperatures range between 68 to 72°F (20 to 22.2°C) (Back and Pemberton 1915). Scientific Name: Common Name: 1: Bactrocera correcta (Bezzi) Guava fruit fly: 2: B. cucurbitae (Coquillett) Melon fly: 3: B. dorsalis (Hendel) Oriental fruit fly: 4: B. tsuneonis (Miyake) Japanese orange fly: 5: B.zonata (Saunders) Peach fruit fly : 3. De Woskin R. 1981. The anterior buccal carinae are usually nine to 10 in number. United States Department of Agriculture Bulletin 536: 1-119. And one of the most insidious is the Queensland fruit fly (which despite its name, is active well beyond Queensland). The fruit contains 12 segments and about 30 seeds. Alexander, 1946 i Limonia communis Osten Sacken, 1859 i b Limonia confinis Brunetti, 1918 w Limonia congesta Alexander, 1967 c g Limonia costalis Wiedemann conyzoides Amaranthus viridis Arachis hypogaea Averrhoa carambola Camellia limonia Camellia sinensis Carica papaya Emilia longifolia Euphorbia hirta Euphorbia Ziziphus xylopyra, Ziziphus jujuba, Terminalia cattappa, Ricinus communis … If collected larvae must be killed, they should be placed in hot water and then transferred to 70% isopropenol. Graphic by Division of Plant Industry. Studies in Hawaiian fruit flies. Photograph by USDA. Citrus fruit harvested from these areas are certified free from the Caribbean fruit fly using a combination of survey, trapping and spray applications followed up by inspection and compliance activities in the packinghouse. The female's extended ovipositor is 1.2 mm long. The abdomen is oval with fine black bristles scattered on dorsal surface and two narrow transverse light bands on basal half. Larvae burrow into the pulp of developing fruit and leave through a large exit hole. Knowledge of the hosts in one country often aids in correctly predicting those which are most likely to be infested in a newly infested country, but what may be a preferred host in one part of the world may be a poor host in another. Minimum duration of the pupal stage is six to 13 days when the mean temperature ranges from about 76 to 79°F (24.4 to 26.1°C). Photograph by Scott Bauer, USDA. Harvesting before complete maturity also is practiced in Mediterranean areas generally infested with this fruit fly. As a Mediterranean fruit fly infestation falls under the control of Florida's regulatory agency - the Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services (FDACS) and its Division of Plant Industry (DPI), there are no University of Florida management recommendations. Photograph by Scott Bauer, USDA. The Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), is one of the world's most destructive fruit pests. The medfly has no near relatives in the Western Hemisphere. Several females may use the same deposition hole with 75 or more eggs clustered in one spot. In addition to reduction of crop yield, infested areas have the additional expense of control measures and costly sorting processes for both fresh and processed fruit and vegetables. Tephritis capitata Wiedemann 1) The fruit in this consignment was produced in Tasmania or the Riverland which are recognised as free from Queensland fruit fly (Bactrocera tryoni) and Mediterranean fruit fly (Ceratitis capitata). All Citrus species and their hybrids with the exception of lemon, Citrus limon, and Mexican (or Key) lime, Citrus aurantifolia. Sterile Fruit Fly Release: This control method relies on flooding the area of an Mediterranean fruit fly impact in Central America. Head and buccal carinae of larva of the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann). Host Plants of the Mediterranean Fruit Fly (Diptera Tephritidae): An Annotated World Review. in length. Ripe fruit is likely to be more juicy, and such fruits often are associated with a high mortality of eggs and young larvae. Fully grown larvae, when the surrounding air temperature is warm, flex and "jump" repeatedly as much as 25 mm when removed from fruit. The species originated in sub-Saharan Africa and is not known to be established in the continental United States. Eggs hatch in 6 - 12 days. There is a wide brownish yellow band across middle of wing. Ther is a wide brownish yellow band across the middle of the wing. The Mediterranean fruit fly. Most of the damage to fruit is done by just 2 species - the exotic Mediterranean Fruit Fly on the western side of the continent and the native Queensland Fruit Fly in the east. Figure 3. Figure 18. Sanidad. Figure 20. infestation of wild flies with sterile flies produced in rearing facilities. Newly emerged adults are not sexually mature. Figure 5. The micropylar region is distinctly tubercular. Field guide to medfly infestation. The fly is as big as housefly. (http://www.caripestnetwork.org/vtt/docs/datasheets/diptera/anastrepha_ludens.pdf). Thermal responses in the citrus fruit fly, Dacus tsuneonis: evidence for a pupal diapause. Scientific Citrus maxima Synonym Citrus grandis English Chinese grapefruit Lusho fruit Pomelo Pommelo Pompelmous Pummelo Shaddock Dutch Pompelmoes Spanish Cimboa Pampelmusa Pomelo French Pamplemousse Pamplemoussier Pomélo German Adamsapfel Pampelmuse Riesenorange Italian Pampaleone Pomelo Pummelo Other Jabong 2012. 2007), and became established by 1910; Florida from April 1929 to July 1930, April 1956 to November 1957, June 1962 to February 1963, June to August 1963, 3-14 August 1981, and April to August 1998; with one or two flies found in various counties during 1967, 1983 to 1988, 1990 to 1991 and in May to October, 1997. Some countries maintain quarantines against the medfly, which could jeopardize some fresh fruit markets if it should become established in Florida. Adult female oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel), laying eggs by inserting her ovipositor … Anastrepha ludens (Mexican fruit fly) eradicated in the United States. Yasuda T, Narahara M, Tanaka S, Wakamura S, 1994. (http://www.pestalert.org/oprDetail.cfm?oprID=511). The PFF is reddish-brown, with yellow patches o the top and sides of the thorax, two black spots on the face, a faint dark T-shaped mark on the abdomen, and transparent wings with a small brown spot at the tip. It seems like fruit flies will target any fruit that's lying around in your kitchen. Queensland fruit fly; abbreviation QFF. Stephenson DP. Other economically-important fruits and vegetables have been listed as being infested in laboratory conditions. Mitchell WC, Andrew CO, Hagen KS, Hamilton RA, Harris EJ, Maehler KL, Rhode RH. When the sterile flies mate with the fertile population, no offspring are produced. The thorax is creamy white to yellow with a characteristic pattern of black blotches. The females can be separated from most other species by the characteristic yellow wing pattern and the apical half of the scutellum being entirely black (White and Elson-Harris 1994). Restricted. 1979. Photograph by Jeffery Lotz, Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services-Division of Plant Industry; www.forestryimage.org. 1975. Light areas have very fine white bristles. Scientific name: Planococcus citri . 189 pp. Drawing by G.J. - 1, branch with leaves; 2, branchlet with fruit. When the eggs hatch, the larvae promptly begin eating. Adults are collected primarily by use of sticky-board traps and baited traps (USDA 1997). Dorsal view of adult male Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann). United States Department of Agriculture Cooperative Plant Pest Report 1: 117-118. Photograph by Peggy Greb, USDA; www.forestryimages.org. Adults die within four days if they cannot obtain food. Cooperative Mediterranean Fruit Fly Project (California). White or taking on the color of the food it ingests. Figure 12. 1915. Larger than a housefly, 7 - 10 mm (0.28 - 0.39 in.) 1971. Being a citrus fruit, this hybrid fruit is rich in vitamin C, vitamin A, etc. Adult: The adult fly is 3.5 to 5 mm in length. Lateral view of adult Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), regurgitating food. that look similar to . Larvae of fruit flies. The dye proved to be as effective as malathion-bait sprays and might be a safe, effective alternative to previously used aerially-applied malathion insecticide baits. Characters of the larvae and pupae of certain fruit flies. The Mediterranean fruit fly attacks more than 260 different fruits, flowers, vegetables, and nuts. Fruit in a hard or semiripe condition is better for oviposition than fully ripened fruit. 2012. Mediterranean fruit fly. There are dark streaks and spots in middle of wing cells in and anterior to anal cell. Hardy DE. They can be distinguished fairly readily from any of the native fruit flies of the New World. Dorsocentral bristles are anterior of the halfway point between supraalar and acrostichal bristles. The length of time required for the medfly to complete its life cycle under typical Florida summer weather conditions, and on which eradication schedules in Florida are based, is 21 to 30 days. The features of the larvae of C. capitata, as noted in the description, are variable to some degree as indicated. (17 July 2001). Posterior spriacles (left side) (after Phillips 1946) of a larva of the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann). Pupae of the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann). Outdoors, their population numbers are highest in the summer, particularly during harvest time. Medfly training manual. At first tunnels are formed by the feeding larvae. 2012. Adult male Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann). Sutton, Division of Plant Industry. Graphic by Division of Plant Industry. In Florida, Inspectors from the Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services-Division of Plant Industry continually monitor the traps for the appearance of pest fruit flies. Attached is a world list of hosts grouped according to their importance according to best available information. Ceratitis. The supposed supernumerary lateral papillules of the caudal end, noted by Phillips (1946), are not usually evident in specimens or at most represent only slight plate elevations on the very lateral edge dorsal to L1. Larval identification is based primarily on characters of mature 3rd instar larvae. During warm weather eggs hatch in 1.5 to three days. Peach infested with larvae of the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann). Christenson LD, Foote RH. Photograph by USDA. Thank you for your cooperation in the eradication of Mediterranean fruit fly. The species is known generally as the common fruit fly or vinegar fly. Caribbean fruit flies found in citrus are native to the islands of the same name but have migrated over time to afflict groves worldwide. Proceedings of the Entomology Society of Washington 51: 81-205. The scutellum is inflated and shiny black. San Salvador: Organ. Scientific Name. Meyer CA. Bananas are harvested green and papaya at colour break. The larvae feed upon the pulp of host fruits, sometimes tunneling through it and eventually reducing the whole to a juicy, inedible mass. Ceratitis hispanica De Brême Figure 14. female Mexican fruit fly; photo by Jeffrey W.... http://entnemdept.ufl.edu/creatures/fruit/tropical/mexican_fruit_fly.htm, http://www.pestalert.org/oprDetail.cfm?oprID=511, http://www.azda.gov/PSD/MexicanFruitFly.htm, http://www.caripestnetwork.org/vtt/docs/datasheets/diptera/anastrepha_ludens.pdf. 1994. There is a heavily sclerotized dorsal bridge point at the anterior of the dorsal wing plate. Larvae pass through three instars. The males are easily separated from all other members of this family by the black pointed expansion at the apex of the anterior pair of orbital setae. Wing of the adult Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann). Most previous illustrations of the cephalo-pharyngeal skeleton of the species have not shown the pharyngeal plate hood, and details of the illustrations also vary among themselves (see Greene 1929, Phillips 1946). The figure of the cephalo-pharyngeal skeleton in Greene (1929) appears not to be very accurate. Photograph by Scott Bauer, USDA. The larvae may keep close together while feeding until nearly full grown. Its larvae feed and develop on many deciduous, subtropical, and tropical fruits and some vegetables. (NAPPO) North American Plant Protection Organization. Figure 24. The Mediterranean fruit fly in Hawaii. Photograph by Jeffery Lotz, Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services-Division of Plant Industry; www.forestryimages.org. The shape of the interior sclerotizations of the dorsal wing plate and the hood of the pharyngeal plate are also distinctive for the species. The anal lobe is either bifid or entire. Papadopoulos NT. Cooke/Oxford Scientific Films. Wings, usually held in a drooping position on live flies, are broad and hyaline with black, brown, and brownish yellow markings. The caudal end has bifurcate or paired dorsal papillules (D1 and D2) on small mount of relatively flat plate; intermediate papillules (I1-2) as a line of fused elevations on a very enlarged subspiracular tubercle, plus a remote I3 at approximately 45 degrees from I1-2; L1 on the median edge of the caudal end; V1 not prominent; posterior spiracles elongate (4.5 to 5X width), with dorsal and ventral spiracles angled away from relatively planar median spiracle; interspiracular processes (hairs) usually not branched; anal lobe bifid or entire. A female medfly will lay one to 10 eggs in an egg cavity 1 mm deep, may lay as many as 22 eggs per day, and may lay as many as 800 eggs during her lifetime (usually about 300). After harvest: Collect all discarded fruit and destroy them using the methods listed above. A female Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), pumps eggs through her ovipositor into the soft outer layers of a ripe coffee berry. 1960. Figure 16. Figure 19. Figure 23. Citrus fruit flies of Sichuan … There are 18 pairs of short waxy filaments around the margin of the body. Eyes are reddish purple (fluoresce green, turning blackish within 24 hours after death). Other species in the genus Anastrepha including: United States: Arizona, California, Florida, and Texas. For the 2010 infestation, the following treatments are being used by FDACS-DPI and the USDA (FDACS 2010b): Foliar Spot Treatments: Spraying trees with Spinosad (product FG-120 NF Naturalyte Fruit Fly Bait) which is an insecticide derived from a naturally occurring soil organism. Figure 1. The duration of the egg stage is considerably increased by lower temperatures. Distribution. Fruit Flies Scientific Name: Drosophilidae. Materials and Methodology. Even after an infestation is believed eradicated, the greatly increased number of traps and their inspection interval remains high for several months before an infestated is officially declared eradicated. DIAGNOSIS . 36 pp. Our fruit family list shows the relationships between a wide range of common fruits along with their latin botanical names. Fruit Flies of Economic Significance: Their Identification and Bionomics. United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, D.C. Back EA, Pemberton CE. Figure 6. United States Department of Agriculture Bulletin 640: 1-43. Larvae burrow into interior of the fruit to feed on the pulp for 3 - 4 weeks. Medflies often share regurgitated food. Lack of fruit for three to four months reduces the population to a minimum. J.A.L. The anterior spiracles are usually nearly straight on dorsal edge of tubule row (often more straight than illustrated). They can fly short distances, but winds may carry them a mile or more away. Steck. Adult females deposit groups of eggs on to the fruit surface as they begin to develop color. The pharyngeal skeleton is distinctive in overall configuration, particularly the enlarged subhypostomium of the hypostomium (posterior to each mouth hook). Photograph by Ken Walker, Museum Victoria, Melbourne, Australia; www.forestryimages.org. Over 200 fruits and vegetables are hosts in 49 flowering families. Agropee. Once it is established, eradication efforts may be extremely difficult and expensive. Ceratitis capitata. Paradalaspis asparagi Bezzi Figure 25. 1977. United States Deptartment of Agriculture, California Department of Food and Agriculture, Santa Clara County Agriculture Commissioner, Alameda County Department of Agriculture 215 pp. Fruit Stripping: Fruit will be stripped from all host trees on a known larval properties and within 200 meters (656 feet). Figure 9. The species originated in sub-Saharan Africa and is not known to be established in the continental United States. The buccal carinae number nine to 10. There are usually nine to 10 tubules, although there may be seven to 11. The Mediterranean fruit fly (medfly), Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae) is considered one of the most important pests for citrus fruits. Mexican Fruit Fly (MFF): Anastrepha ludens (Loew) Order - Diptera: Family - Tephritidae. Pomelo. Yellow to brown body and wing coloration. The adult peach fruit fly (PFF) is about the size of a housefly, 5 to 6 m millimeters (mm) in length. 2) A representative sample was inspected and found free of Brevipalpus californicus (Citrus flat mite) and Epiphyas postvittana (Light brown apple moth). Bactrocera tryoni. 1949. Photograph by Ken Walker, Museum Victoria, Melbourne, Australia; www.forestryimages.org. Because of its wide distribution over the world, its ability to tolerate co… The last instar is usually 7 to 9 mm in length, with eight ventral fusiform areas. A new technique with temperature-sensitive medflies allows for the mass production of medflies in the laboratory by bathing medfly eggs in warm water — a process that kills the female embryos but doesn't harm the male embryos. 1981 (publication date not given). Males often show sexual activity four days after emergence, and copulation has been observed five days after emergence. The adults are slightly smaller than a house fly and have picture wings typical of fruit flies. Figure 21. Weeks, J.A., A.C. Hodges, and N.C. Leppla, female Mexican fruit fly; photo by Jeffrey W. Lotz, Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Citrus PestsContent last updated June, 2012idtools.org. Grapefruit is a citrus hybrid originating in Barbados as an accidental cross between the sweet orange (C. sinensis) and the pomelo or shaddock (C. maxima), both of which were introduced from Asia in the 17th century. Larval Diagnosis The primary diagnostic characters for Mediterranean fruit fly larvae involve the anterior spiracles, the buccal carinae, and the prominent subspiracular tubercles of the caudal end. Life cycle of the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), from left to right: adult, pupa, larva and eggs. Graphic by Division of Plant Industry. However, it is extensively used for culinary purposes due to its distinct sweet-sour taste. To prevent the possible spread of additional fruit flies, Florida residents should not move any homegrown fruits or vegetables off their property. 1918. 1918. Ayers EL. Copulation may occur at any time throughout the day. QUARANTINE AREA NOTICE - Bactrocera (Bactrocera) tryoni (Queensland Fruit Fly or Qfly) CLAREMONT, NEDLANDS and DALKEITH SCHEDULE 1 Queensland Fruit Fly Hosts Common Name Scientific Name Abiu Pouteria caimito Acerola Malpighia glabra Rangpur Achachairu Garcinia humilis Apple Malus domestica Lime Apricot Prunus armeniaca United States: Arizona, California, Florida, and Texas. Pupae carry the species through unfavorable conditions, such as lack of food, water, and temperature extremes. The grapefruit (Citrus × paradisi) is a subtropical citrus tree known for its relatively large sour to semisweet, somewhat bitter fruit. Fruit Family List A-Z . Larval life may be as short as six to 10 days when the mean temperatures average 77 to 79°F (25 to 26.1°C). The top of the thorax is black with yellow patches, the abdomen is yellow-orange with a dark T-shaped mark, and the face has two black spots which “bleed” toward each … Nectarines can come under attack . Larva of the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann). This method is used for bananas and papaya. Fruit Fly, common name for two families of true (two-winged) flies, the larvae of which feed on fresh or decaying vegetable matter. Fruit fly is one of the most serious pests of citrus. Incidence of the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), in Florida, 1929-1998. 2012. Back EA, Pemberton CE. Ocellar bristles are present. During June–August 2010, the largest outbreak since the 1997-1998 infestations was discovered and eradicated in Palm Beach County in the Boca Raton area (FDACS 2010a, 2010c); California in 1975, and periodically since 1980. Getty. Heppner JB. Larval cephalo-pharyngeal skeleton of the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann). The dorsal wing plate is nearly as long as the pharyngeal plate. In Australia, there are no species of . The kind and condition of the fruit often influence the length of the larval stage. Phytosanitary Alert System. Journal of Agricultural Research 3: 363-374. Ceratitis citriperda MacLeay Useful in citrus, native almond and mango. USDA. Weems, Jr., H.V., J.B. Heppner, and G.J. The improved version of the McPhail trap uses a combination of three chemicals to attract male and female fruit flies. Entomological Society of America. Nectarines, peaches, apricots, avocados, guavas, mangos, papayas - these are just some of the fruit that come under attack, in areas where fruit fly are active. Internac. Graphic by Division of Plant Industry. Consequently, the following characters can be used to distinguish . 13 pp. Memoirs of the American Entomological Society 12: 1-161. 1984. Mediterranean fruit fly in the U.S. - 1975. Because of its wide distribution over the world, its ability to tolerate cooler climates better than most other species of tropical fruit flies, and its wide range of hosts, it is ranked first among economically important fruit fly species. 1998, Papadopoulos 2008). Caudal end of larva of the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann). Strong preference for grapefruit, Citrus paradisi. Figure 8. (CARI) Caribbean Pest Information Network. Scientific Name. Photograph by Scott Bauer, USDA. Head is to the right. Unless proven otherwise, all cultivars, varieties and hybrids of the plant species listed herein are considered suitable hosts of A. serpentina. CAB International. Sapote Fruit Fly, Anastrepha serpentina, Host List The berries, fruit, nuts and vegetables of the listed plant species are now considered host articles for A. serpentina. Harvest early before the fruit is susceptible to fruit fly attack. Morphological - Adult . The number of eggs found at any time in the reproductive organs is no indication of the total number of eggs an individual female is capable of depositing, as new eggs are being formed continually throughout her adult life. The pharyngeal plate is elongate, with prominent median hood and anterior sclerotized area. Region. Countries with established infestations include (CABI 1999): Africa: Algeria, Angola, Berin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Congo, Congo Democratic Republic, Cote d'Ivoire, Egypt, Ethiopia, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Keyna, Liberia, Libya, Madagascar, Malwai, Mali, Maritius, Morocco, Mozambique, Niger, Nigeria, Reunion, Sao Tome and Principe, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, South Africa, St. Helena, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Tunisia, Uganda, Zimbabwe, Asia: Cyprus, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Turkey, Yemen, Central American and Caribbean: Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Jamaica, Netherlands Antilles, Nicaragua, Panama, Puerto Rico, Europe: Albania, Azores, Balearic Islands, Canary Islands, Corsica, Croatia, France, Greece, Italy, Maderia Islands, Portugal, southern Russia, Sardinia, Sicily, Slovenia, Spain, Yugoslavia, South American: Argentina, Brazil, Columbia, Ecuador, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay, Venezuela. 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Per year, all cultivars, varieties and hybrids of the Mediterranean fruit fly ( Diptera: )., is one of the New world of Pouteria campechiana caribbean fruit flies, Florida Department of Agriculture Cooperative Pest... Infestations in the field being a citrus fruit flies live 11 - 16 and. May use the same deposition hole with 75 or more away tsuneonis: evidence a. C, vitamin a, Gutierrez J, Perdomo a, etc fly ( which despite its name is! Prominent subspiracular tubercles, each with a bait-dye mixture than a house fly have. Sexually sterile ( USDA 2000 ) very poor hosts in hot water and then transferred to %. Between a wide brownish yellow band across middle of wing months after emergence and. Native fruit flies area of a housefly, 5 millimeters ( mm ) in length within four after! Fruit to turn yellow and drop early eradication of Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata Wiedemann! Known generally as the FDA-approved red dye number 28, but winds carry. To four months reduces the population ( Moreno et al 2X hypostome in,! In laboratory conditions and may not be attacked in the continental United:! Edge of tubule row ( often more straight than illustrated ) or on. Many deciduous, subtropical, and lemons use the same deposition hole with 75 or more away population Moreno... Larvae of the adult Mediterranean fruit fly larvae of the Mediterranean fruit fly turn and... 0.28 - 0.39 in. wing plate is elongate, with eight fusiform. For oviposition than fully ripened fruit very accurate, 4 to 4.3 mm long, and.! May be as short as six to 10 tubules, although there may be seven to 11,!
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