[58][59], The final report has been shared with families of Lion Air Flight 610, then published on October 25, 2019. On September 26, 2019, the NTSB released the results of its review of potential lapses in the design and approval of the 737 MAX. In 2020, an FAA Airworthiness Directive[106] approved design changes for each MAX aircraft, requiring input from two AoA sensors for MCAS activation, elimination of the system's ability to repeatedly activate, and allowing pilots to override the system if necessary. Boeing provided several outdated return to service timelines, the soonest of which was "in the coming weeks" following the March 2019 grounding. Boeing slowed MAX production to 42 aircraft per month until in January 2020, when they halted until the airplane is reapproved by regulators. Oversight in Lion Air Crash Report", "Investigators spread blame in Lion Air crash, but mostly fault Boeing and FAA", "Boeing, FAA and Lion Air Failures Laid Bare in 737 MAX Crash Report", "Boeing expects 737 Max to fly again by New Year", "Boeing fires commercial planes boss as 737 MAX crisis deepens: SKY", "U.S. Rep. UAE aviation agency clears Boeing 737 Max to fly again, First Boeing 737 Max flies in Europe after grounding order lifted, Ryanair planning for European expansion despite heavy losses, Boeing 737 Max given green light to fly in the EU, European aviation agency clears Boeing 737 Max to fly again, Former Boeing manager says 737 Max displays ‘electrical anomalies’, Boeing 737 Max to be cleared to fly in Europe next week, European aviation agency: 737 Max to be cleared next week, Boeing 737: History and safety record of the aeroplane, Dozens feared dead after Boeing 737 crashes in Indonesia, Boeing will pay $2.5bn to settle Max jet criminal conspiracy charge, Boeing 737 Max fears have not affected bookings – so far, Boeing 737 Max to make its first US flight for almost two years, Coronavirus has set aviation back to 1999, leading data analysts say, ‘This is not a Max’: the sales pitch to passengers from new airline, Senate investigators fault FAA over Boeing jet, safety, Summer holiday prices up 14% in 2021, says Tui, Boeing 737 Max flies passengers again – in Brazil, Boeing 737 Max back in air 2 years after grounded by crashes, Passenger group appeals decision to let Boeing 737 Max fly again, First Boeing 737 Max plane gets certificate saying it is safe to fly, Boeing 737 Max? [65] This further implicated MCAS as contributory to the crash. Not one is contributing more than the other. News & Advice News & Advice. [96] In September 2020, the House of Representatives concluded its investigation and cited numerous instances where Boeing dismissed employee concerns with MCAS, prioritized deadline and budget constraints over safety, and where it lacked transparency in disclosing essential information to the FAA. Ethiopia, for Ethiopian Airlines Flight 302, as state of registration, state of occurrence and state of operator. Boeing will pay more than $2.5 billion to settle criminal charges that it repeatedly concealed and lied about the 737 Max's engineering problems that led … FAA certification of the MAX was subsequently investigated by the U.S. Congress and multiple U.S. government agencies, including the Transportation Department, FBI, NTSB, Inspector General and special panels. [70], The Ethiopian Civil Aviation Authority (ECAA) is leading investigations for Flight 302. Both crashes were linked to the Maneuvering Characteristics Augmentation System (MCAS), a new flight control law. In August 2020, the FAA published requirements for fixing the aircraft and improving pilot training. January 21, Boeing estimated the ungrounding could begin in mid-2020. [2] The FAA revoked Boeing's authority to issue airworthiness certificates for individual MAX airplanes and imposed a fine on Boeing for exerting "undue pressure" on its designated aircraft inspectors. Mica Endsley of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society testified that "The cues received by the pilots [...] were significantly different than the cues received with a runaway stabilizer trim". [52] By March 18, regulators grounded all 387 MAX aircraft in service with 59 airlines worldwide and making 8,600 flights each week. "There was a directive by Boeing, so they took that training. December 17, Boeing confirmed the suspension of 737 MAX production from January 2020. The aircraft maintenance records indicated that the AoA Sensor was just replaced before the accident flight. In December 2018, a month after the Lion Air accident, the FAA had conducted an internal safety risk analysis predicted fifteen more crashes with no repairs to MCAS, but that report was not revealed until the U.S. House hearing in December 2019. On November 6, 2018, four days before it identified MCAS by name, Boeing published a supplementary service bulletin prompted by the first crash. [92] The FAA's Organization Designation Authorization program, allowing manufacturers to act on its behalf, was also questioned for weakening its oversight of Boeing. The NTSC final report, published on October 23, 2019 was prepared with assistance from the U.S. NTSB. Did Boeing put profits ahead of safety with 737 Max plane? [64] On March 13, 2019, the FAA announced that evidence from the crash site and satellite data on Flight 302 suggested that it might have suffered from the same problem as Lion Air Flight 610 in that the jackscrew controlling the pitch of the horizontal stabilizer of the crashed Flight 302, was found to be set in the full "nose down" position, similar to Lion Air Flight 610. Boeing 737 Max to make its first US flight for almost two years. [4] The 20-month grounding was the longest ever for a U.S. airliner, costing Boeing an estimated US$20 billion in fines, compensation and legal fees, and indirect losses in the form of 1,200 cancelled orders valued at more than US$ 60 billion  [5][1] Passenger flights resumed on the MAX in the U.S. and Brazil in December, and Boeing began deliveries of some 400 aircraft in its backlog. The FAA issued a Continued Airworthiness Notification to the International Community on March 11 and resisted pressure from U.S. lawmakers to ground the aircraft. Coronavirus has set aviation back to 1999, leading data analysts say. Preliminary investigations revealed serious flight control problems that traumatized passengers and crew on the aircraft's previous flight, as well as signs of angle-of-attack (AoA) sensor and other instrument failures on that and previous flights, tied to a design flaw involving the Maneuvering Characteristics Augmentation System (MCAS) of the 737 MAX series. What Do Travelers Need to Know? The MAX was given the same type certificate as previous 737 generations to reduce pilot training and save money for its airline customers, a major selling point. For each aircraft, the FAA will issue an airworthiness certificate, without delegation to Boeing, upon completion of an AoA sensor system test and a validation test flight. The FAA enforced the bulletin with an Emergency Airworthiness Directive. [53] Several ferry flights were operated with flaps extended to circumvent MCAS activation. ", "Boeing 737 Max: Brazilian airline resumes passenger flights", "Boeing Max Returns to US Skies With First Passenger Flight", "Boeing Charged with 737 Max Fraud Conspiracy and Agrees to Pay over $2.5 Billion", "Boeing to pay $2.5bn over 737 Max conspiracy", "Transport Canada introduces additional requirements to allow for the return to service of the Boeing 737 MAX", "Transport Canada Validates 737 MAX Design Changes, Expects Return to Service in January", "Boeing 737 Max cleared to fly in Europe after crashes", "EASA yet to approve 737 Max for certain precision approaches", "The US is increasingly alone in not grounding the Boeing 737 Max", "U.S. Senate to hold crash hearing as lawmakers urge grounding Boeing 737 MAX 8", "Trump speaks to Boeing CEO following tweets on airline technology", "U.S. [66][67][68], Ethiopian Airlines spokesman Biniyam Demssie said that the procedures for disabling MCAS had just been incorporated into pilot training. Boeing's 737 MAX, the jetliner grounded for 20 months after two international crashes that killed 346 passengers and crew, resumed commercial flights Dec. 29. [85][86](p1)[87] The NTSB report concludes that assumptions "that Boeing used in its functional hazard assessment of uncommanded MCAS function for the 737 MAX did not adequately consider and account for the impact that multiple flight deck alerts and indications could have on pilots' responses to the hazard". [83][84] On March 11, FAA defended the aircraft against groundings citing these emergency procedures (Continued Airworthiness Notification to the International Community) for operators. Ryanair rejects 737 safety claims as ‘rubbish’, Boeing faces accusations over 787 oxygen system dangers, Ryanair says its Boeing 737 Max jets will not fly before summer 2020, Boeing boss faces second day of grilling over 737 Max crashes, Boeing boss testifies at Senate Commerce Committee, Boeing condemned in Lion Air 737 Max accident report, Boeing predicts 737 Max will fly again by the end of 2019, Boeing replaces senior executive in charge of 737 Max, Captain Sully outraged at fatal 737 MAX crashes being blamed on pilots, Boeing pilots feared for 737 Max safety three years ago. June 26, flight tests for the FAA uncovered a data processing issue affecting the pilots' ability to perform the "runaway stabiliser" procedure to respond to MCAS errors. Australia and Singapore also offered technical assistance, shortly after the Lion Air accident, regarding data recovery from the new generation flight recorders (FDR). On March 13, 2019, the FAA found similarities between the two accidents and grounded the plane. CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (, "The decision by both the FAA and Boeing to omit information about MCAS from communications with the public, 737 MAX customers, and MAX pilots did not last long. A Boeing 737-8 MAX was forced to make an unscheduled landing and have one engine shut down after it ran into issues. American Airlines put the Boeing 737 MAX back in the air Tuesday as the first flight by a major U.S. airline since the aircraft was recertified last month. [104][105] Boeing admitted that the MCAS played a role in both accidents and asserted that MCAS is not an anti-stall system. In March 2020, news that Boeing was seeking a $60 billion bailout caused a steep drop in its stock price, though Boeing eventually received $17 billion in funds from the coronavirus stimulus. The grounding subsequently became the longest ever of a U.S. When the aviation giant finally embraced it, an automated system in the 737 Max kicked off the biggest crisis in its history", "The 737 MAX Has Been Grounded for a Year Because of Its Terrible Computers", "Inspector general slams Boeing for holding back information on 737 Max", Future of Flight Aviation Center & Boeing Tour, List of accidents and incidents involving the Boeing 737, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Boeing_737_MAX_groundings&oldid=1004673477, Accidents and incidents involving the Boeing 737 MAX, Wikipedia articles incorporating text from the National Transportation Safety Board, Wikipedia articles incorporating text from the Federal Aviation Administration, Short description is different from Wikidata, All Wikipedia articles written in American English, Articles that may be too long from January 2021, Wikipedia articles with style issues from January 2021, Wikipedia articles in need of updating from January 2021, All Wikipedia articles in need of updating, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Ethiopian Airlines accident: March 10, 2019, of grounding by the FAA: 1 year, 8 months and 5 days (619 days), March 2016, The General Manager of Boeing’s 737 MAX program, and the former Chief Project Engineer on the 737 MAX program, both approved a redesign of MCAS to increase its authority to move the aircraft’s stabilizer at low speed, in order to address “stall characteristics” requirements necessary for FAA certification. By March 18, all 387 aircraft were banned from service. After two fatal crashes, Lion Air Flight 610 and Ethiopian Airlines Flight 302, global regulators grounded the MAX in March 2019. When will the Boeing 737 Max return to service? [71] Both flight recorders (voice and data) were recovered from the crash site on March 11, 2019. March 20, EASA and Transport Canada indicated that they would conduct their own reviews of Boeing's proposed software update. May 27, Boeing resumed production of the MAX at a "very gradual pace". [112] On January 7, 2021, Boeing settled to pay over $2.5 billion after being charged with fraud. It still proved popular from the beginning, with over 5,200 gross orders since its launch. A total of 387 aircraft were grounded. January 18, Transport Canada authorized the MAX to resume flights in Canadian airspace. Can I get my money back if I refuse to fly on a 737 Max? The first authority to ground the MAX, Civil Aviation Administration of China said the accidents "had certain similarities" because both aircraft were newly delivered and crashed shortly after takeoff.[108]. [94] In January 2021, Boeing settled to pay over $2.5 billion after being charged with fraud. • New problems with Max keep cropping up as Boeing works on a fix, and the timeline for the return of the Max has been pushed back several times. Other major regulators worldwide are gradually following suit: Transport Canada and EASA both cleared the MAX in late January 2021, subject to additional requirements.[44][46]. A recent congressional report faulted both … "[69] Despite following the procedure, the pilots could not recover. | The Seattle Times", "How Boeing went from appealing for government aid to snubbing it", "Boeing refuses to play ball as Dutch MPs reopen 2009 crash involving 737", "How the Boeing 737 Max Disaster Looks to a Software Developer", "What went wrong inside Boeing's cockpit? "[86][88], The NTSB questioned the long-held industry and FAA practice of assuming the nearly instantaneous responses of highly trained test pilots as opposed to pilots of all levels of experience to verify human factors in aircraft safety. [51] About 30 MAX aircraft were flying in U.S. airspace at the time and were allowed to reach their destinations. Boeing 737 Max: When will the doomed jet fly again? This page was last edited on 3 February 2021, at 20:20. "[102][103] A recovery procedure highlighted by Boeing and the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) after the Lion Air accident failed to prevent another accident: Ethiopian Airlines Flight 302. Unlike NTSB reports that identify the primary cause of accidents and then list contributing issues determined to be less significant, Indonesia is following a convention used by many foreign regulators of listing causal factors without ranking them". Opinion polls suggested most passengers are reluctant to fly again aboard the 737 MAX when it will be reintroduced, while most should be comfortable boarding it again after some time passes to prove its safe operations. For the two MAX accidents these are:[91]. The FAA resisted grounding the aircraft until March 13, when it received evidence of accident similarities. Both avoided mentioning the new Maneuvering Characteristics Augmentation System (MCAS), which was responsible for the nosedives but had been omitted by Boeing from crew manuals and training. [79] Investigators have tentatively concluded that the crash was caused by the aircraft's design.[80][81]. Says", "Safety Recommendation Report: Assumptions Used in the Safety Assessment Process and the Effects of Multiple Alerts and Indications on Pilot Performance", "NTSB Issues 7 Safety Recommendations to FAA related to Ongoing Lion Air, Ethiopian Airlines Crash Investigations", "Boeing report highlights human factors no company should ignore", "Plane Tests Must Use Average Pilots, NTSB Says After 737 MAX Crashes", "Boeing Failed to Predict That Slew of 737 Max Warning Alarms Would Confuse Pilots, Investigators Say", "Boeing's 737 MAX Crisis: Coverage by The Seattle Times", "Boeing pushed FAA to relax 737 MAX certification requirements for crew alerts", "The DOJ is reportedly probing whether Boeing's chief pilot misled regulators over the 737 Max", "Inspector General report details how Boeing played down MCAS in original 737 MAX certification – and FAA missed it", "FAA Probing Boeing's Alleged Pressure on Designated Inspectors", "Changes to flawed Boeing 737 Max were kept from pilots, DeFazio says", "Exclusive: Boeing kept FAA in the dark on key 737 MAX design changes - U.S. IG report", "Airworthiness Directives; The Boeing Company Airplanes", "China is the first country to ground the Boeing 737 Max after its two crashes", "How much was pilot error a factor in the Boeing 737 MAX crashes? Boeing agrees to pay $2.5 billion to resolve federal criminal charge over 737 Max conspiracy A Boeing 737 Max jet prepares to land at Boeing Field following a … [78], The Ethiopian Civil Aviation Authority published an interim report on March 9, 2020, one day before the March 10 anniversary of the crash. Both crashes were linked to the Maneuvering Characteristics Augmentation System (MCAS), a new flight control law. Even though U.S. regulators have approved the plane to resume flying, a number of steps must be completed before it can carry passengers. In February 2020, the DOJ investigated Boeing's hiding of information from the FAA, based on the content of internal emails. By then, most other regulators had already grounded the aircraft. In December 2018, the FAA privately predicted that MCAS could cause 15 crashes over 30 years, but expected Boeing to fix MCAS by April 2019. [101] Twelve days after the Lion Air accident, on November 10, 2018, Boeing publicly revealed MCAS in a message to airline operators, noting that the system operates "without pilot input. The Boeing 737 MAX groundings drew mixed reactions from multiple organizations. [74], On March 17, 2019, Dagmawit Moges, Ethiopia's transport minister, announced that the black box had been found and downloaded, and that the preliminary data retrieved from the flight data recorder show a "clear similarity" with those of Lion Air Flight 610 which crashed off Indonesia. It further found that the assumption that simulator training would not be necessary had "diminished safety, minimized the value of pilot training, and inhibited technical design improvements". On the Boeing 737 MAX, MCAS was intended to mimic pitching behavior similar to aircraft in the previous generation of the series, the Boeing 737 NG. Both crashed jets were Boeing 737 Max 8s, a variant of the best-selling aircraft in history. The Air Canada service from … [82] The FAA issued an emergency airworthiness directive, 2018-23-51, on November 7, 2018 requiring the bulletin's inclusion in the flight manuals, and that pilots immediately review the new information provided. Just hours after the approval for MCAS’s redesign was granted, Boeing sought, and the FAA approved, the removal of references to MCAS from Boeing’s, January 10, The Operational Evaluation Report of the, November 10, Boeing referred publicly for the first time to the, December 3, the FAA Seattle Certification Office reviewed an unpublished quantitative risk assessment. Boeing's 737 Max plane is safe to return to service in the UK and the European Union, regulators have said. [90], ICAO regulations Annex 13, “Aircraft Accident and Incident Investigation”, defines which states may participate in investigations. [77] Later on the evening, the NTSC offered assistance to Flight 302's investigation team, stating that the committee and the Indonesian Transportation Ministry would send investigators and representatives from the government to assist with the investigation of the crash. The bulletin describes warnings triggered by erroneous AoA data, and referred pilots to a "non-normal runaway trim" procedure as resolution, specifying a narrow window of a few seconds before the system would reactivate and pitch the nose down again. On October 11, 2019, David L. Calhoun replaced Dennis Muilenburg as chairman of Boeing, then succeeded Muilenburg's role as chief executive officer in January 2020. [60][61][62][63], The initial reports for Flight 302 found that the pilots struggled to control the airplane in a manner similar to the Lion Air flight 610 crash. Congressman Sam Graves of the House Transportation Committee had blamed the 737 MAX crashes on substandard-quality training of the Indonesian and Ethiopian pilots; stating that "pilots trained in the U.S. would have been successful" in handling the emergencies on both jets, at the House Aviation subcommittee hearing in Washington D.C.[109][110] The participating state or national transportation safety bureaus are the NTSB for the US and the NTSC for Indonesia. Entering 2020, Southwest Airlines was desperate to get the Boeing 737 MAX back in its fleet as soon as possible. [107] The FAA began requiring all MAX pilots to undergo MCAS-related training in flight simulators. Joins Other Nations in Grounding Boeing Plane", "Piece Found at Boeing 737 Crash Site Shows Jet Was Set to Dive", "New Evidence in Ethiopian 737 Crash Points to Connection to Earlier Disaster", "Why Investigators Fear the Two Boeing 737s Crashed for Similar Reasons", "Investigators find 2nd piece of key evidence in crash of Boeing 737 Max 8 in Ethiopia", "Ethiopian pilots received new training for 737 Max after Indonesian crash", "Why Boeing's emergency directions may have failed to save 737 MAX", "U. S. authorities to assist in investigation of Ethiopian Airlines crash that killed 157", "France to analyze Ethiopian Airlines flight recorders: spokesman", "The Black Boxes From Ethiopian Flight 302: What's On Them And What Investigators Will Look For", "Data on Ethiopia crash: 'Clear similarity' to Indonesia crash", "Alasan KNKT Minta Dilibatkan Menginvestigasi Tragedi Ethiopian Airlines", "KNKT Tawarkan Bantuan Investigasi Kecelakaan Ethiopian Airlines", "Aircraft Accident Investigation Bureau Interim Report", "Boeing Set to Get Blame in Ethiopian Report on Crash of 737 Max", "Ethiopian Report on 737 Max Crash Blames Boeing", "FAA issues emergency AD regarding potential erroneous AOA input on Boeing 737 MAX", "Regulators Found High Risk of Emergency After First Boeing MAX Crash", "Boeing Underestimated Cockpit Chaos on 737 Max, N.T.S.B. "All the pilots flying the MAX received the training after the Indonesia crash," he said. April 5, Boeing announced it was cutting 737 production by almost a fifth, to 42 aircraft monthly, anticipating a prolonged grounding, and had formed an internal design review committee. Want an ad-free experience?Subscribe to Independent Premium. [72] The French aviation accident investigation agency BEA announced that it would analyze the flight recorders from the flight. The FAA resisted grounding the aircraft until March 13, when it received evidence of accident similarities. [89] The NTSB expressed concerns that the process used to evaluate the original design needs improvement because that process is still in use to certify current and future aircraft and system designs. Whatever you call it, it’s coming here soon, Norwegian: airline goes for bankruptcy protection in Ireland, Boeing 737 Max cleared to fly passengers again after deadly crashes, Boeing 737 Max’s return to service is a massive challenge, FAA poised to clear Boeing 737 Max to fly again, Boeing 737 Max: deliveries to resume by the end of the year, says boss. A 737 Max near Boeing’s factory in Renton, Wash. In both crashes, MCAS was activated by an erroneous indication from an AoA sensor on the exterior of the airplane. Engineering reviews uncovered other design problems, unrelated to MCAS, in the flight computers and cockpit displays. [111] Its extensive supply chain providing aircraft components and flight simulators suffered similar losses, as did the aircraft services industry, including crew training, the aftermarket and the aviation insurance industry. [73] BEA received the flight recorders on March 14, 2019. 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