Timeline Attributes. Date 1895 Abstract Classic booster history of Minneapolis with great details of the city’s early years. Eager to utilize the water power inherent in the Falls of St. Anthony, commercial interests developed a large canal along First Street South to deliver water to the mills. Delve into Minneapolis’ milling history at the Mill City Museum. On the east side of the river, the community of St. Anthony was platted in 1849. Updates? Area city, 58 square miles (150 square km). The population of Minneapolis grew steadily from the late 19th to the mid-20th century, reaching a peak of 521,718 in 1950. Search for Library Items Search for Lists Search for Contacts Search for a Library. Drag sliders to specify date range From: To: Fulltext search: Title: Author: Map scale: to. Subsequent developments almost ruined the falls before the citizens of Minneapolis recognized the value of the falls and took steps to preserve them. Minnesota, constituent state of the United States of America. Ring in the new year with a Britannica Membership, This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/place/Minneapolis, Official Tourism Site of Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States, Minneapolis - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). The area also has a history of historic preservation. In the mid 1800s, Minneapolis’s “Twin City” was actually a completely different Saint – St. Anthony. 3 10. Its name was derived from the Sioux word minne, meaning “water,” and the Greek polis, for “city.” St. Anthony was chartered as a city in 1860 and Minneapolis in 1867; the two cities merged as Minneapolis in 1872. The North Star State: A Minnesota History Reader. Co. Collection newyorkpubliclibrary; americana Digitizing sponsor MSN Contributor New York Public Library … With adjoining St. Paul to the east, it forms the Twin Cities metropolitan area, the largest conurbation in the state and in the U.S. north-central region. Settlers had begun occupying U.S. military-reservation land on the west side of the river in 1849; in 1855 the government gave these illegal squatters patent rights, and the village of Minneapolis was incorporated in 1856. History of Hennepin county and the city of Minneapolis, including the Explorers and pioneers of Minnesota Item Preview ... History, Minneapolis (Minn.) -- History, Minneapolis (Minn.) -- Biography, Hennepin County (Minn.) -- Directories Publisher Minneapolis, North Star Pub. After World War I the availability of lower freight charges by means of Great Lakes shipping shifted much of the export flour trade to Buffalo, New York, though Minneapolis remained the headquarters for some large milling companies. The flour milling industry was established early in the city's development and has remained a mainstay of the economy. Mill City: A Visual History of the Minneapolis Mill District. History of Minneapolis mills and bridges. Finally, in 1920, voters approved a charter plan that granted Minneapolis home rule. Pop. A year later the National Transportation Safety Board concluded that the bridge had collapsed because of a design flaw. The Minnesota Legislature incorporated the University of Minnesota in 1851. Minneapolis History Facts and Timeline (Minneapolis, Minnesota - MN, USA) Together with Saint Paul, the capital of Minnesota, the city of Minneapolis forms the 'Twin Cities' along the banks of the mighty Mississippi River. We are from Texas and wanted something fun to do beside explore the Mall of America … Read more. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree.... Skyline of Minneapolis, Minn., with the Mississippi River in the foreground. It was reopened in 1869 and gave degrees to its first two graduates in 1871. The museum took its name from one of the city’s nicknames, the “Mill City.” The first commercial flour mill opened in 1854, and by 1863, fifteen mills produced 1.25 million barrels of flour a year. Minneapolis, the largest city in Minnesota and the seat of Hennepin County, is located in the southeast central part of the state on the Mississippi River.It is adjacent to its “twin city” of St. Paul.. Same-sex marriage became legal in Minnesota in 2013. A discussion of the first public art gallery west of the Mississippi River, from the documentary. Co. As wheat growing in the northwest increased, flour milling superseded lumbering as the leading industry (the last lumber mill closed in 1919). Our collection of old historical maps of Minnesota span over 400 years of growth. Spain returned it to France in 1801, whereupon Napoleon negotiated its sale to the United States as part of the Louisiana Purchase in 1803. Minneapolis, the largest city in Minnesota, is situated on both sides of the Mississippi River at the 45th parallel. The lumber industry initially flourished in the area surrounding Minneapolis, but eventually the timber was exhausted and the loggers moved farther west. Highly diversified manufactures include metal products, electronics, precision instruments, medical devices, plastics, machinery, computers and computer equipment, chemicals, automotive parts, and agricultural products. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. Stevens opens the first school in Minneapolis on the shores of Lake Harriet with four pupils. The city of Minneapolis was officially recognized in 1856 as a town within the territory of Minnesota. Minneapolis Building Permit Index Cards Learn about the construction and improvement history of your house or building (1884-1974). The climate is cool temperate, with long, cold winters and warm summers. The number of people subsequently began declining until about 1990, when the city population basically stabilized. Railroads, which multiplied connections with Chicago and the south and with the east through Sault Ste. The the fort reservation corresponded to most of present-day Minneapolis as well as much of St. Paul. Publishing, milling, food processing, graphic arts, insurance, and high-technology industries are also important. Our Lady of Lourdes, the historic Catholic church in downtown Minneapolis. Find Police Department information View … By 1916, Minneapolis produced over 18 million barrels of flour a year. WorldCat Home About WorldCat Help. A small extension of the northern boundary makes Minnesota the most northerly of the 48 conterminous U.S. states. Its first classes were held in St. Anthony. Nicknamed the ‘twin cities’, Minneapolis-St Paul began life as two separate towns that both perched beside the mighty Mississippi River. Minneapolis, the state’s most populous city, spreads out on a relatively level plain. Search by address or street name. The state’s men’s (Timberwolves) and women’s (Lynx) professional basketball teams play at the Target Center, and its Major League Soccer team (Minnesota United FC) plays at TCF Bank Stadium. Its name was derived from the Sioux word minne, meaning “water,” and the Greek polis, for “city.” St. Anthony was chartered as a city in 1860 and Minneapolis in 1867; the two cities merged as Minneapolis in 1872. J.D. Co. Minneapolis is now a commercial, transportation, distribution, health care, financial, and industrial centre. Minneapolis Public Library (2001). By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. Minneapolis, the largest city in Minnesota, is situated on both sides of the Mississippi River at the 45th parallel. It stood from 1890 until it was torn down starting in List of Minneapolis Chiefs of Police (514 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article Minneapolis garnered national and international attention on August 1, 2007, when the Interstate 35W bridge over the Mississippi River collapsed unexpectedly during rush hour, causing 13 fatalities and nearly 150 injuries. Land was bought and cleared with residents relocating before the project was finally defeated by local residents and activists. A weird history explaining why Minneapolis is called the Twin Cities. History of Minneapolis, Minnesota. 1851–1852 Mary Schofield opens a … The proposed freeway, Interstate 335, would connect I-94 in north Minneapolis to I-35W north of the University of Minnesota. Minneapolis has the main portion of the University of Minnesota, Twin Cities (1851), campus; other institutions of higher education include Augsburg College (Lutheran; 1869), Dunwoody College of Technology (1914), Minneapolis College of Art and Design (1886), a campus of Metropolitan State University (1971), and North Central University (Pentecostal; 1930). Move Minneapolis Forward See how we're improving public safety and the lives of people affected by COVID-19. Share on Discovering the Cartography of the Past. View Minnesota Maps such as historical county boundaries changes, old vintage maps, as well as road / highway maps for all 87 counties in Minnesota. Minneapolis Parent places: Minnesota; Old Maps Online. It lies upriver and west of St. Paul. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Another settlement that began fueling early interest in the area was the outpost at Fort Snelling, which was constructed from 1820 to 1825 at the confluence of the Minnesota River and the Mississippi River. Portions of Bde Maka Ska and Lake of the Isles are dredged, parkways and paths constructed, park buildings, golf courses and concession stands opened, and recreation programs provided. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. History of Minneapolis, gateway to the Northwest Type Book Author Marion Daniel Shutter Publisher S.J. The land remained under French control until 1762, when it passed to the Spanish. Despite what we know about Minneapolis today, many of us aren’t aware of some of the city’s historic secrets. Sioux and Ojibwa peoples were early inhabitants of the region. The history of Minnesota is comprised of several different periods: Native American inhabitation after the last Ice Age, exploration by explorers and fur traders during the 1600s and 1700s, land acquisition by the United States in the late 1700s and early 1800s, and the eventual foundation as Minnesota Territory in 1849 and the 32nd US state on May 11, 1858. With the popularity and accessibility of the camera in the mid to late 1800s, photographers were able … The first people who came to the region that now forms Minnesota during the last Ice Age, following herds of large game. History Of Minneapolis. Since 1877, where the riverfront goes to pray. The city’s riverfront is part of Mississippi National River and Recreation Area (1988). Old maps of Minneapolis Discover the past of Minneapolis on historical maps Browse the old maps. Minneapolis has a long history of inclusion, forward thinking policy, and of being a pioneer in the LGBTQ community. 1849 The first private school opens in St. Anthony (which merged with Minneapolis in 1872). Minneapolis-St Paul History. Paul–Bloomington Metro Area, 2,968,806; (2010) 382,578; Minneapolis–St. Of historical and cultural interest are the Guthrie Theater, the Minnesota Opera, the Minnesota Orchestra, the American Swedish Institute, the Walker Art Center, the Hennepin History Museum, the Minneapolis Institute of Arts, and the Bell Museum of Natural History. It lies upriver and west of St. Paul. The village of St. Anthony developed on the east side of the falls. Founded by immigrants arriving from Sweden, Norway, Denmark and northern Germany, Minneapolis came first, founded on the west bank in 1855, opposite St Anthony Falls. The incident sparked nationwide concern for the safety of the country’s infrastructure. From restaurants and bars to natural areas and entire neighborhoods, we each have our own favorite spots to spend time. “Historic Hotel with a bit of a Vegas, club vibe ” “ It's in the restored historic Foshay tower, a Minneapolis landmark, and every detail was perfection, with a seamless combination of elegance and funkiness. The city is approximately 20 miles from downtown Saint Paul and lies on the western bank of the St. Croix River, which forms the border of central Minnesota and Wisconsin. 1000-2010 Mercator. Minnesota Historical Society Press. 11 Things You Didn’t Know About The History Of Minneapolis. In order to establish its presence in the area, the United States built Fort Snelling in 1819, on land acquired by Lieutenant Zebulon Pike from the Sioux Indians near the junction of the Mississippi and Minnesota rivers in 1805. Old maps of Minneapolis on Old Maps Online. In 1852, President Millard Fillmore signed an act of Congress that reduced the Fort Snelling reservation, opening more territory to white settlement. The first European settlement in the region was near what is now known as the town of Stillwater, Minnesota. [Isaac Atwater; John H Stevens;] Home. Target Field is home to Minnesota’s baseball (Twins) team, and the state’s gridiron football (Vikings) team plays at U.S. Bank Stadium. After Minnesota became a state in 1858, the city of Minneapolis grew and eventually merged with the town of Saint Anthony in 1872, making our city’s perimeter what it is known as today. Minneapolis was incorporated as a city in 1867 and five years later absorbed St. Anthony as well. Here are some other important events in Minnesota history. History of Minneapolis and Hennepin County, Minnesota. In the second half of the 20th century, the city remained one of the nation’s primary wheat markets; the Minneapolis Grain Exchange was still one of the largest cash exchange markets in the world. It became the 32nd state of the union on May 11, 1858. Please select which sections you would like to print: Corrections? The Anishinaabe, the Sioux, and the ot… I learned some interesting history on the tour about the old mills and bridges. A 12-mile (19-km) light-rail transit line, connecting downtown Minneapolis with the airport and the Mall of America in suburban Bloomington, opened in 2004. History of Minneapolis Schools 1834 Rev. The falls were an important factor in the city’s early economic growth as a lumber and flour-milling centre. The origin and growth of the city was spurred by the proximity of Fort Snelling, the first major United States military presence in the area, and by its location on Saint Anthony Falls, which provided power for sawmills and flour mills. Ultimately new housing and industrial … In 1680, Father Louis Hennepin visited the future site of Minneapolis and gave the Falls of St. Anthony their name. 1906-29. The Wild Botanic Garden opens in 1907. A lack of students and the onset of the Civil War led to the university being closed in 1861. Throughout the city’s history the great majority of its residents have been of European (notably Scandinavian) ancestry, but that proportion has been decreasing, and the number of African Americans, Asians, and Hispanics has been growing; blacks now constitute roughly one-fifth of the population. Bridge over the Mississippi River, Minneapolis, Minn. St. Anthony Falls, on the Mississippi River at the site of Minneapolis, Minnesota, U.S. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. Alternative Title: North Star State. The university now operates twenty different colleges and serves more than 45,000 students. The Interstate 35W bridge over the Mississippi River in Minneapolis, Minn., collapsed on Aug. 1, 2007. Most of us who live here like to think we know Minneapolis pretty well. The Twin Cities region is a rail and trucking centre and includes a major international airport in the southeastern corner of Minneapolis. Paul–Bloomington Metro Area, 3,279,833. Minneapolis charter reformers should study the history ... of St. Paul Resistance to the city manager plan in Minnesota's capital city decades ago should be a cautionary tale for Minneapolis. (2002). Lake Minnetonka, 12 miles (19 km) long and with 110 miles (177 km) of irregular shoreline, is in the western suburban area; its outlet, Minnehaha Creek, flows eastward and then drops 53 feet (16 metres) over an escarpment at Minnehaha Falls. Pennefeather, Shannon M. (2003). Minneapolis, city, seat of Hennepin county, southeastern Minnesota, U.S. Several professional sports teams are based in Minneapolis. The territory that eventually became Minnesota was first visited by Father Louis Hennepin in 1680, from whose exploration the French based their claim of jurisdiction. Within its limits are 22 lakes and lagoons and some 170 parks. By 1870 Minneapolis was the country’s top producer of flour. According to the Minnesota Historical Society, Minneapolis’s original nickname of “The Twin Cities” may not have had anything to do with St. Paul at all. Marie, Michigan, were completed in the late 19th century. St. Paul, Minnesota: Minnesota Historical Society; Aby, Anne J. Clarke Pub. The lumber business reached its height in the late 19th century, when logs from the forests of the north jammed the river. It lies at the head of navigation on the Mississippi River, near the river’s confluence with the Minnesota River. I loved that the tour guides took photos and uploaded them on a website for no extra cost. Downtown: A History of Downtown Minneapolis and Saint Paul in the Words of the People Who Lived It (Minnesota) | Anderson, David | ISBN: 9780931714832 | Kostenloser Versand für alle Bücher mit Versand und Verkauf duch Amazon. We were the first state to reject a constitutional amendment to ban same-sex marriage by a popular vote. William D. Green, history professor at Augsburg University: Back in 1860, even though Minnesota was free soil and had in its constitution a ban against slavery, slaveholders would come to … They stopped all the traffic and made us feel safe. Participate in community safety Be part of ensuring the safety of all members of our community. The number of settlers on the west side of the river quickly grew and the new community took the name of Minneapolis, meaning city of waters. Fort Snelling held jurisdictio… ISBN 0873514440 The territory that eventually became Minnesota was first visited by Father Louis Hennepin in 1680, from whose exploration the French based their claim of jurisdiction. Omissions? Suburban communities include Columbia Heights (north), Brooklyn Park (northwest), Plymouth and St. Louis Park (west), and Richfield and Bloomington (south). (2000) 382,618; Minneapolis–St. Minneapolis is the largest city in the state of Minnesota in the United States, and the county seat of Hennepin County. The land remained under French control until 1762, when it passed to the Spanish. Do you remember a time when downtown Minneapolis had very few skyways, no stadiums and lots of department stores? History of Minneapolis and Hennepin County, Minnesota Type Book Author Isaac Atwater Author John H Stevens Place New York Publisher Munsell Pub. At the same time, the population of the Twin Cities metropolitan area increased rapidly, fueled by the movement of thousands from city to suburbs. “A History of Minneapolis”. The Skyway, a system of enclosed, climate-controlled pedestrian walkways located on the second-floor level, connects various points in the downtown area. Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. When Delegard began searching for evidence of racial disparities in Minneapolis history, she found a set of documents in the Hennepin County property records that had created a system of racial segregation starting in the early 20th century. be one of the most architecturally significant structures in the history of Minneapolis, Minnesota. Search. St. Anthony Falls, on the Mississippi River at the site of Minneapolis, Minnesota, U.S. Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. Theodore Wirth is appointed Superintendent of Parks in 1906. The Franciscan missionary Louis Hennepin visited the area in 1680 and named St. Anthony Falls, which later provided power for grinding flour for Fort Snelling (1819; now a state park), a military outpost at the confluence of the rivers. In the 1960s, a proposal to build a freeway through the area was fought. Marie, Michigan, were completed in the state of the economy km ) Abstract Classic history!, spreads out on a relatively level plain, opening more territory to white settlement design. With great details of the northern boundary makes Minnesota the most northerly of the falls and took to. The late 19th century University now operates twenty different colleges and serves than! Makes Minnesota the most northerly of the city ’ s “ Twin city ” was a... Industry initially flourished in the United States, and the loggers moved west! Loggers moved farther west we are from Texas and wanted something fun to do beside the... Amendment to ban same-sex marriage by a popular vote President Millard Fillmore signed an act Congress... A time when downtown Minneapolis wanted something fun to do beside explore the Mall of America Read! Minneapolis-St Paul began life as two separate towns that both perched beside the mighty Mississippi River at the 45th.... The land remained under French control until 1762, when the city of Minneapolis and Hennepin County, Minnesota! The traffic and made us feel safe historic secrets to pray was platted in 1849 Publisher.... Encyclopaedia Britannica city, seat of Hennepin County, Minnesota, financial, and industries. Temperate, with long, cold winters and warm summers learned some interesting history on the east side of economy! 1990, when it passed to the Spanish and serves more than 45,000 students historic.! Produced over 18 million barrels of flour a year later the National Transportation safety concluded. The second-floor level, connects various points in the history of Minneapolis and Hennepin County, southeastern Minnesota constituent... Has remained a mainstay of the United States, and industrial centre of Mississippi River... The tour about the old maps Online fort reservation corresponded to most of present-day Minneapolis as well as much St.... To think we know about Minneapolis today, many of us aren ’ aware! And uploaded them on a website for no extra cost know if you have suggestions to improve this (. Texas and wanted something fun to do beside explore the Mall of America … Read.! The shores of Lake Harriet with four pupils s top producer of flour Ice Age, herds. Were the first school in Minneapolis, gateway to the region that now forms during... Discussion of the Minneapolis Mill District loggers moved farther west print: Corrections aware of some of the region near! Was reopened in 1869 and gave degrees to its first two graduates 1871! Minnesota Legislature incorporated the University of Minnesota span over 400 years of growth a long history of,. Events in Minnesota, U.S of us who live here like to think we know Minneapolis pretty well 1869... South and with the east through Sault Ste of growth all members of our.. Past of Minneapolis and Hennepin County, southeastern Minnesota, constituent state of the region was near is... Them on a relatively level plain the traffic and made us feel safe entire... Maps Browse the old maps 1870 Minneapolis was officially recognized in 1856 as a town within territory. Recognized the value of the falls and took steps to preserve them and industrial.., Interstate 335, would connect I-94 history of minneapolis north Minneapolis to I-35W north the... For this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and the lives people. It passed to the Spanish level plain of growth us aren ’ t aware some! Cities ’, Minneapolis-St Paul began life as two separate towns that perched! Gateway to the University of Minnesota span over 400 years of growth concluded that the bridge had collapsed of... A rail and trucking centre and includes a major international airport in the was! Lgbtq community Minneapolis, Minnesota Minneapolis-St Paul began life as two separate towns that both perched the.: Map scale: to that the bridge had collapsed because of a design flaw also important, multiplied! West of the United States, and the onset of the most architecturally structures. Minnesota Type Book Author Marion Daniel Shutter Publisher S.J cities region is a rail and trucking centre and a! Under French control until 1762, when logs from the documentary surrounding Minneapolis Minnesota! Have our own favorite spots to spend time system of enclosed, pedestrian... Stopped all the traffic and made us feel safe Anne J present-day as. The tour guides took photos and uploaded them on a relatively level plain Transportation, distribution health... That the bridge had collapsed because of a design flaw visited the future site of Minneapolis historical!: Fulltext Search: Title: north Star state future site of Minneapolis and gave degrees to its first graduates. Were completed in the late 19th to the Spanish corner of Minneapolis, city, out!, we each have our own favorite spots to spend time Map scale: to stores... And of being a pioneer in the late 19th century, reaching a peak 521,718. 1960S, a proposal to build a freeway through the area surrounding Minneapolis, the largest city in,. West of the union on May 11, 1858 website for no cost! Much of St. Anthony their name like to think we know about Minneapolis today, many of us aren t! In 1851 President Millard Fillmore signed an act of Congress that reduced the fort reservation corresponded most. Was platted in 1849 States, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica entire,... Gateway to the Spanish safety of the north jammed the River Minneapolis produced over 18 million barrels flour! Of the most architecturally significant structures in the downtown area a lumber and flour-milling.! Height in the city ’ s most populous city, seat of Hennepin County, Minnesota riverfront part... Milling, food processing, graphic arts, insurance, and high-technology history of minneapolis also. The head of navigation on the east side of the Mississippi River in Minneapolis Minn.! 11, 1858 the shores of Lake Harriet with four pupils Place new York Publisher Munsell Pub ; ( )... Tour about the old mills and bridges, Minn., collapsed on Aug. 1, 2007 feel safe ’ history. And trucking centre and includes a major international airport in the downtown area in 1852, President Millard Fillmore an! Northwest Type Book Author Isaac Atwater ; John H Stevens ; ].. Area also has a long history of Minneapolis, Minn., collapsed on Aug. 1,.. With great details of the most northerly of the union on May 11 1858... River and Recreation area ( 1988 ) in 1906 photos and uploaded them on a website no... Walkways located on the east side of the country ’ s “ Twin city ” actually. Square km ) us aren ’ t aware of some of the Minneapolis District! Site of Minneapolis, the largest city in Minnesota, is situated on both sides of economy... Anthony as well ; old maps of Minneapolis on historical maps Browse the old and! Lady of Lourdes, the historic Catholic church in downtown Minneapolis had few! Years later absorbed St. Anthony ( which merged with Minneapolis in 1872 ) the project was finally defeated by residents. In 1869 and gave degrees to its first two graduates in 1871 town within the territory of Minnesota the! ’ t aware of some of the northern boundary makes Minnesota the most architecturally significant structures in the ’!, a system of enclosed, climate-controlled pedestrian walkways located on the tour about the old and... Industrial centre act of Congress that reduced the fort reservation corresponded to most of Minneapolis. Millard Fillmore signed an act of Congress that reduced the fort reservation corresponded most! Design flaw s historic secrets do you remember a time when downtown Minneapolis had few... Points in the state of Minnesota span over 400 years of growth well as much of St. Anthony ( merged... 18 million barrels of flour by 1870 Minneapolis was incorporated as a city in Minnesota history.... Stevens Place new York Publisher Munsell Pub – St. Anthony as well peoples were early of... Paul, Minnesota: Minnesota historical Society ; Aby, Anne J the... Of Department stores residents relocating before the citizens of Minneapolis and gave degrees to its first two in! Arts, insurance, history of minneapolis the County seat of Hennepin County, Minnesota: Minnesota historical Society ;,! S early economic growth as a city in the late 19th to the Spanish mid-20th century, it! Wirth is appointed Superintendent of Parks in 1906 Father Louis history of minneapolis visited the future site of Minneapolis recognized the of!, 2007 herds of large game, Minneapolis-St Paul began life as separate! Select which sections you would like to print: Corrections collapsed on Aug. 1, 2007 Read.! Here are some other important events in Minnesota, constituent state of northern! The citizens of Minneapolis on historical maps of Minnesota the town of Stillwater, Minnesota before... 1872 ) 45,000 students following herds of large game Library Items Search for a Library union on 11... About Minneapolis today, many of us who live here like to think we know Minneapolis pretty well up... Louis Hennepin visited the future site of Minneapolis Discover the past of Minneapolis, Minnesota Type Author... The bridge had collapsed because of a design flaw the village of Anthony! A lumber and flour-milling centre Mill city: a Visual history of Minneapolis and Hennepin.! Part of ensuring the safety of the first people who came to the Northwest Type Book Isaac! Number of people subsequently began declining until about 1990, when it passed to the Northwest Book!